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Militia and Volunteers of Northumberland
The Militia and Volunteers of Northumberland are those military units raised in the County independent of the regular Army. The "modern" militia dates from legislation enacted during the Seven Years' War. The volunteers had several forms and separate periods of existence until made a permanent body in 1859.
==Militia==
After the invasion scare of 1745, and the later strain on the regular army during the Seven Years' War, bills for the reform of the militia were brought to parliament, but it was not until 1759 that the act would be passed (30 Geo II c.25).〔Beckett p. 63〕 The act continued with the ballot to select men from each county, in numbers based on a return made by the county authorities of men of eligible age, initially between 18 and 50 years of age. As a substitute could be made on a payment of £10, the burden fell on the working classes.〔Beckett p. 65〕 Subsequent explanatory legislation was required to curb rioting in 13 counties over fears of pay and overseas service, the militia would only be used in England and Wales.〔Beckett pp. 63-64〕 This included a riot in Hexham in June 1861 when about 5000 people were confronted by six companies from the North York Militia. By the end, 51 people were dead and 300 wounded including some militiamen, earning the North York Militia the nickname ''The Hexham Butchers''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Hexham Riot )〕〔Hewitson p. 18〕 When not embodied (mobilised) for service the men had an annual training requirement of 28 days by 1762.〔Beckett p. 67〕 The Legislation was continually amended, for example, by the end of the Napoleonic wars, to permit wider service in the country, fixed terms of service and paying a bounty for volunteering for the regular army.〔Beckett p. 110〕
The militia was under the control of the Lord Lieutenant of the county and was to be officered by the local gentry, their rank determined by a property qualification which was gradually reduced or ignored as time progressed.〔 Initially a Colonel required an income of £400 a year, or be an heir to twice that amount, Lieutenant colonels and Majors, £300, Captains, £200, Lieutenants, £100 and Ensigns £50.〔Hewitson p. 16〕
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